静态模型爱好者网(什么是静态模型)

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这篇文章主要讲解了“QML中动态与静态模型怎么应用”,文中的讲解内容简单清晰,易于学习与理解,下面请大家跟着小编的思路慢慢深入,一起来研究和学习“QML中动态与静态模型怎么应用”吧!前言

对于开发用户界面,最重要的就是保持数据与UI分离。数据通常被称为为model,可视化处理称作view。在QML中,model与view都通过delegate连接起来。功能划分如下,model提供数据,对于每个数据项,可能有很多个值。显示在view(视图)中的每项数据,都是通过delegate(代理)来实现可视化的。view(视图)的任务是排列这些delegate(代理),每个delegate(代理)将model item(模型项)的值呈现给用户。

一个模型可以是一个整数,提供给代理使用的索引值(index).如果Javascript数组被作为一个模型,模型数据变量(modelData)代表了数组的数据的当前索引。对于更加复杂的情况,每个数据项需要提供多个值,可以使用ListModel与ListElement。

对于静态模型,一个Repeater可以被用作视图。它可以非常方便的使用行(Row),列(Column),栅格(Grid),或者流(Flow)来创建用户界面。对于动态或者更大的数据模型,使用ListView或者GridView更加合适。它们会在需要时动态的创建代理,减少在场景下一次显示的元素的数量。

在视图中的代理可以与数据模型中的属性静态绑定或者动态绑定。使用onAdd与onRemove信号,可以动态的播放他们的添加和移除的特效。

静态模型

通过Repeater来作视图,用来创建一些静态的显示界面。

import QtQuick 2.12import QtQuick.Window 2.12Window {    visible: true    width: 640    height: 480    title: qsTr("静态模型")    //静态显示单一的数据模型    Column{        id: column1        spacing: 10        Repeater{           model: 4           Rectangle{               width:300               height: 40               radius: 3               color: "lightBlue"               Text {                   anchors.centerIn: parent                   text: index               }           }        }    }    //静态显示列表数据模型    Column{        id: column2        anchors.top: column1.bottom        anchors.topMargin: 10        spacing: 10        Repeater{           model: ["Enterpris","Colombia","Challenger","Discover"]           Rectangle{               width:300               height: 40               radius: 3               color: "lightBlue"               Text {                   anchors.centerIn: parent                   text: index + ":" + modelData               }           }        }    }    //使用多元素的ListModel    Row{        id: listModelItem        anchors.top: column2.bottom        anchors.topMargin: 10        spacing: 10        Repeater{            model: ListModel{                ListElement{name : "项目1";surfaceColor: "gray";}                ListElement{name : "项目2";surfaceColor: "orange";}                ListElement{name : "项目3";surfaceColor: "red";}            }            Rectangle{                width: 150                height: 40                radius: 3                color: "lightBlue"                Text {                    anchors.left: circleItem.right                    anchors.leftMargin: 10                    anchors.centerIn: parent                    text: name                }                Rectangle{                    id: circleItem                    anchors.left: parent.left                    anchors.verticalCenter: parent.verticalCenter                    anchors.leftMargin: 4                    width: 32                    height: 32                    radius: 16                    border.color: "black"                    border.width: 2                    color: surfaceColor                }            }        }    }    Row{        spacing: 5        anchors.top: listModelItem.bottom        anchors.topMargin: 10        Repeater{            model:4            delegate: Rectangle{                width: 150                height: 40                radius: 3                color: "lightBlue"                Text {                    anchors.centerIn: parent                    text: index                }            }        }    }}

显示效果如下图所示:

动态模型

Repeator元素适合有限的静态元素,但是真正使用的时候,模型通常更加复杂和庞大。QtQuick提供了ListView和GridView元素,这两个都是基于Flickable区域的元素,因此用户可以放入更大的数据。

import QtQuick 2.12import QtQuick.Window 2.12Window {    visible: true    width: 640    height: 480    title: qsTr("动态模型")    Rectangle{       id: rowView       width: 80       height: 300       color: "white"       ListView{           anchors.fill: parent           anchors.margins: 20           //是否对边界进行裁剪           clip: true           model: 5           delegate: numberDelegate           //列表显示是水平还是垂直           orientation: ListView.Vertical           //focus: true           spacing: 10           //页眉和页脚           header: headerComponent           footer: footerComponent       }       Component{           id: numberDelegate           //必须使用Item做为基本元素           Rectangle{               width: 40               height: 40               color:"lightGreen"               Text {                   anchors.centerIn: parent                   font.pixelSize: 15                   text: index               }           }       }       Component{           id: headerComponent           Rectangle{               width: 40               height: 20               color: "yellow"           }       }       Component{           id: footerComponent           Rectangle{               width: 40               height: 20               color: "yellow"           }       }   }    Rectangle{       id: gridView       width: 240       height: 300       color: "white"       anchors.left: rowView.right       GridView{           anchors.fill: parent           anchors.margins: 20           //是否对边界进行裁剪           clip: true           model: 100           delegate: gridDelegate           cellHeight: 45           cellWidth: 45           focus: true       }       Component{           id: gridDelegate           //必须使用Item做为基本元素           Rectangle{               width: 40               height: 40               color: GridView.isCurrentItem? "Green":"lightGreen"               Text {                   anchors.centerIn: parent                   font.pixelSize: 10                   text: index               }           }       }   }}

显示效果如下图所示:

有时候我们需要根据需要动态的向数据模型中添加或者删除元素,这时候我们需要了解元素添加和移除的接口。为了方便使用,QML为每个视图绑定了两个信号,onAdd和onRemove.使用动画连接它们,可以方便的创建识别哪些内容被添加或删除的动画。

import QtQuick 2.12import QtQuick.Window 2.12Window {    visible: true    width: 640    height: 480    title: qsTr("动态添加和删除元素")    Rectangle{        width: 480        height: 300        color: "white"        ListModel{            id: theModel            ListElement{number:0}            ListElement{number:1}            ListElement{number:2}            ListElement{number:3}            ListElement{number:4}            ListElement{number:5}            ListElement{number:6}            ListElement{number:7}            ListElement{number:8}        }        Rectangle{            anchors.left: parent.left            anchors.right: parent.right            anchors.bottom: parent.bottom            anchors.margins: 20            height: 40            color: "darkGreen"            Text {                anchors.centerIn: parent                text: "add item"            }            MouseArea{                anchors.fill: parent                onClicked: {                    theModel.append({"number": ++parent.count})                }            }            property int count: 9        }        GridView{            anchors.fill: parent            anchors.margins: 20            anchors.bottomMargin: 80            clip: true            model: theModel            cellWidth: 45            cellHeight: 45            delegate: numberDelegate        }        Component{            id:numberDelegate            Rectangle{                id: wrapper                width: 40                height: 40                color: "lightGreen"                Text {                    anchors.centerIn: parent                    font.pixelSize: 10                    text: number                }                MouseArea{                    anchors.fill: parent                    onClicked: {                        if(!wrapper.GridView.delayRemove)                        {                            theModel.remove(index)                        }                    }                }                //模型元素移除时候的动画                GridView.onRemove: SequentialAnimation {                    PropertyAction { target: wrapper; property: "GridView.delayRemove"; value: true }                    NumberAnimation { target: wrapper; property: "scale"; to: 0; duration: 250; easing.type: Easing.InOutQuad }                    PropertyAction { target: wrapper; property: "GridView.delayRemove"; value: false }                }                //模型元素添加的时候的动画                GridView.onAdd: SequentialAnimation {                    NumberAnimation { target: wrapper; property: "scale"; from: 0; to: 1; duration: 250; easing.type: Easing.InOutQuad }                }            }        }    }}

显示效果如下图所示:

在使用链表时通常会使用当前项激活时展开的机制。这个操作可以被用于动态的将当前项目填充到整个屏幕来添加一个新的用户界面,或者为链表中的当前项提供更多的信息。

import QtQuick 2.12import QtQuick.Window 2.12Window {    visible: true    width: 640    height: 480    title: qsTr("动画与数据模型组合使用")    Item {        width: 300        height: 480        Rectangle {            anchors.fill: parent            gradient: Gradient {                GradientStop { position: 0.0; color: "#4a4a4a" }                GradientStop { position: 1.0; color: "#2b2b2b" }            }        }        //视图        ListView {            id: listView            anchors.fill: parent            delegate: detailsDelegate            model: planets        }        //数据模型        ListModel {            id: planets            ListElement { name: "Mercury"; imageSource: "images/mercury.jpeg"; facts: "Mercury is the smallest planet in the Solar System. It is the closest planet to the sun. It makes one trip around the Sun once every 87.969 days." }            ListElement { name: "Venus"; imageSource: "images/venus.jpeg"; facts: "Venus is the second planet from the Sun. It is a terrestrial planet because it has a solid, rocky surface. The other terrestrial planets are Mercury, Earth and Mars. Astronomers have known Venus for thousands of years." }            ListElement { name: "Earth"; imageSource: "images/earth.jpeg"; facts: "The Earth is the third planet from the Sun. It is one of the four terrestrial planets in our Solar System. This means most of its mass is solid. The other three are Mercury, Venus and Mars. The Earth is also called the Blue Planet, 'Planet Earth', and 'Terra'." }            ListElement { name: "Mars"; imageSource: "images/mars.jpeg"; facts: "Mars is the fourth planet from the Sun in the Solar System. Mars is dry, rocky and cold. It is home to the largest volcano in the Solar System. Mars is named after the mythological Roman god of war because it is a red planet, which signifies the colour of blood." }        }        //控件代理        Component {            id: detailsDelegate            Item {                id: wrapper                width: listView.width                height: 30                Rectangle {                    anchors.left: parent.left                    anchors.right: parent.right                    anchors.top: parent.top                    height: 30                    color: "#333"                    border.color: Qt.lighter(color, 1.2)                    Text {                        anchors.left: parent.left                        anchors.verticalCenter: parent.verticalCenter                        anchors.leftMargin: 4                        font.pixelSize: parent.height-4                        color: '#fff'                        text: name                    }                }                Rectangle {                    id: image                    width: 26                    height: 26                    anchors.right: parent.right                    anchors.top: parent.top                    anchors.rightMargin: 2                    anchors.topMargin: 2                    color: "black"                    Image {                        anchors.fill: parent                        fillMode: Image.PreserveAspectFit                        source: imageSource                    }                }                MouseArea {                    anchors.fill: parent                    onClicked: parent.state = "expanded"                }                Item {                    id: factsView                    anchors.top: image.bottom                    anchors.left: parent.left                    anchors.right: parent.right                    anchors.bottom: parent.bottom                    opacity: 0                    Rectangle {                        anchors.fill: parent                        gradient: Gradient {                            GradientStop { position: 0.0; color: "#fed958" }                            GradientStop { position: 1.0; color: "#fecc2f" }                        }                        border.color: '#000000'                        border.width: 2                        Text {                            anchors.fill: parent                            anchors.margins: 5                            clip: true                            wrapMode: Text.WordWrap                            color: '#1f1f21'                            font.pixelSize: 12                            text: facts                        }                    }                }                Rectangle {                    anchors.right: parent.right                    anchors.top: parent.top                    anchors.rightMargin: 2                    anchors.topMargin: 2                    width: 26                    height: 26                    color: "#157efb"                    border.color: Qt.lighter(color, 1.1)                    opacity: 0                    MouseArea {                        anchors.fill: parent                        onClicked: wrapper.state = ""                    }                }                //通过状态切换来更改界面控件的状态                states: [                    State {                        name: "expanded"                        PropertyChanges { target: wrapper; height: listView.height }                        PropertyChanges { target: image; width: listView.width; height: listView.width; anchors.rightMargin: 0; anchors.topMargin: 30 }                        PropertyChanges { target: factsView; opacity: 1 }                        PropertyChanges { target: closeButton; opacity: 1 }                        PropertyChanges { target: wrapper.ListView.view; contentY: wrapper.y; interactive: false }                    }                ]                transitions: [                    Transition {                        NumberAnimation {                            duration: 200;                            properties: "height,width,anchors.rightMargin,anchors.topMargin,opacity,contentY"                        }                    }                ]            }        }    }}

显示效果如下图所示:

感谢各位的阅读,以上就是“QML中动态与静态模型怎么应用”的内容了,经过本文的学习后,相信大家对QML中动态与静态模型怎么应用这一问题有了更深刻的体会,具体使用情况还需要大家实践验证。这里是花开半夏,小编将为大家推送更多相关知识点的文章,欢迎关注!

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